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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Five Barbarians ： ウィキペディア英語版 Five Barbarians The Five Barbarians or Wu Hu (), is a Chinese historical exonym for ancient non-Han Chinese peoples who immigrated to northern China in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and then overthrew the Western Jin Dynasty and established their own kingdoms in the 4th–5th centuries.〔(Jacques Gernet, ''A History of Chinese Civilization'' Cambridge University Press 1996 ) P.186-87〕〔(Michio Tanigawa & Joshua Fogel, ''Medieval Chinese Society and the Local "community"'' University of California Press 1985 ) p. 120-21〕〔(Peter Van Der Veer, "III. Contexts of Cosmopolitanism" in Steven Vertovec, Robin Cohen eds., ''Conceiving Cosmopolitanism: Theory, Context and Practice'' Oxford University Press 2002 ) p. 200-01〕〔(John W. Dardess, ''Governing China: 150-1850'' Hackett Publishing 2010 ) p. 9〕 The peoples categorized as the Five Barbarians are the Xiongnu, Jie, Xianbei, Di, and Qiang.〔〔 Of these five ethnic groups, the Xiongnu and Xianbei were nomadic peoples from the northern steppes. The ethnic identity of the Xiongnu is uncertain, but the Xianbei appear to have been Mongolic. The Jie, another pastoral people, may have been a branch of the Xiongnu who may have been Yeniseian〔Vovin, Alexander. "Did the Xiongnu speak a Yeniseian language?". Central Asiatic Journal 44/1 (2000), pp. 87-104. 〕 or Indo-Scythian.〔(Dorothy Wong, ''Chinese Steles: Pre-Buddhist and Buddhist Use of a Symbolic Form University of Hawaii'' Press ) P.44〕 The Di and Qiang were from the highlands of western China.〔 The Qiang were predominantly herdsmen and spoke Sino-Tibetan (Qiangic) languages, while the Di were farmers who may have spoken a Sino-Tibetan language.〔(Chinese) (段渝, 先秦巴蜀地区百濮和氐羌的来源 ) 2006-11-30〕 ==Definition== The term "Five Hu" was first used in the ''Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms'' (501-522), which recorded the history of the late Western Jin dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms during which rebellions and warfare by and among non-Han Chinese ethnic minorities ravaged Northern China. The term ''Hu'' in earlier texts had been used to describe the Xiongnu, but became a collective term for ethnic minorities who had settled in North China and took up arms during Uprising of the Five Barbarians. This term included the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Di, Qiang and Jie. Later historians determined that more than five nomadic tribes took part,〔(“五胡”新释 )〕 and the Five Barbarians has become a collective term for all nomadic people residing in northern parts of the past empires of China. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Five Barbarians」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.